Some genes can turn other genes on or off. Proteins are needed for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's cells, tissues, and organs. Some genes serve as the instructions to make proteins. DNA is found in the nucleus of a cell and, in humans, is packaged into 23 pairs of chromosomes with the help of special proteins.Įach gene performs a different job in our cells. Cells are the building blocks of all living things and specialized cells form our body's organs and tissues. Genes are part of our DNA, the basic genetic material found in each of our body's cells. Estimated Number of People with this Disease Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), a milder form of muscular dystrophy, is also caused by genetic changes in the DMD gene. The result of genetic testing may also help confirm the diagnosis. Diagnosis of DMD is based on the symptoms, clinical exam, and the result of a biopsy to remove a small piece of muscle for examination under a microscope. DMD is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern and may occur in people who do not have a family history of DMD. DMD is caused by genetic changes (DNA variants) in the DMD gene. Muscle weakness is usually noticeable in early childhood. Early signs may include delayed ability to sit, stand, or walk and difficulties learning to speak.

The symptoms of DMD include progressive weakness and loss (atrophy) of both skeletal and heart muscle. DMD occurs primarily in males, though in rare cases may affect females. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) affects the muscles, leading to muscle wasting that gets worse over time.

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